Turbine.



PATENTED JAN. 9, 1906.

E. MAIER.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.25.1902.

ERNST MAIER, OF CANNSTATT, GERMANY.

TURBINE:

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented 32111.9, 1906.

Application filed September 25, 1902. Serial No. 124,785.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ERNST MAIER, engineer, a subject of the King of Wurtemberg, residing at Cannstatt, T/Vurtemberg, Germany, have invented an Improvement in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved turbine-wheel. This wheel, devised especially for steam-turbines, is distinguished by the special arrangement of its paddles. The construction of the wheel enables the turbine to' be applied to all purposes where the speed of the turbine-paddles cannot be made sulliciently fast to exhaust the momentum of an injected stream by a single paddle. In the steam-turbines hitherto constructed those which work with a single wheel must run at an inconveniently high speed. Others which run at more useful speeds possess a large number of running and guiding wheels. Other steam-turbines, moreover, have a different and more complicated construction.

\Vith the present invention there is attained a large amount of eliiciency from the energy of the motor fluid with at the same time comparatively few revolutions of the wheel, and the steam-jet flows from one paddle to' another, and thereby gradually gives up its energy to the wheel without at any moment opposing the motion of the wheel. As the motor fluid here arrives at its full effect by means of a single wheel and only escapes from the wheel after it has given up its energy, this turbine is also suitable for variable speeds of inlet as they occur in working with explosion-gases. In addition to steam-power this turbine can also be used for other'driving mediums, such as air under pressure or water.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the new turbine is illustrated in Figure 1 in section and Fig. 2 in side view.

The paddles are here arranged in two concentric circles a b in such a manner that the slightly-curved paddles stand at an acute angle over against one another and are alternated one with the other, so that a jet of motor fluid passing in between the paddles in the direction indicated by the arrow strikes the paddles alternately. As hereby the jet is constantly turned aside by the paddles from its initial direction of motion, as may be seen by the dotted lines of the arrow in the drawings, the jet parts with a portion of its force to each paddle until it is so far checked in its speed that it becomes slower than the speed of revolution of the wheel, and conse quently escapes sidewise between the paddles. The turbine-wheel illustrated shows the paddles placed between two disks (2 d for outer impact. The paddle mechanism can, however, be arranged for inner or sidewise impact. The turbine -wheel runs, preferably, with an average paddle speed of one hundred meters per second. The steam passes through an inlet which is adjusted by means of a steam-valve, so that it has previously-fully expanded in the inlet, and its ell ective power is entirely converted into speed. Further, however, when it is desired to obtain great elliciency from the turbine the steam may be allowed to expand in two or three steps and then at each expansion employ a special turbine.

As the diameter of the turbine can be increased at will within certain limits without altering anything in the mode of working while the e'l'liciency remains the same, it is easy to find the speed of revolution of the turbine which would be most ellicient in practice. By means of the simple construction of this turbine and the high efficiency thereof a machine provided with this turbine can be comparatively cheaply constructed and works very elliciently.

This turbine is capable of working with very highly-heated steam, alsov with equallyheated air, because the turbine-inlet comes in contact with the already-expanded motor fluid of very considerably-reduced temperature.

That I claim, and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is

1. In a turbine-wheel, curved paddles arranged in concentric circles, the line of curvature of the paddles in one circle intersecting the paddles in the other circle, and the two sets of paddles having fixed relation one to the other, with their concave sides opposed.

2. In a turbine-wheel, curved paddles arranged in concentric circles, the line of curvature of each paddle in one circle intersecting the next preceding paddle in the other circle, and the two sets of paddles having fixed relation one to the other, with their concave sides opposed.

3. In a turbine-wheel, curved paddles arranged in concentric circles, the line of curvature of each paddle in one circle intersecting at an acute angle the next preceding paddle in the other circle, and the two sets of paddles IOC having fiXed relation one to the other, with their concave sides opposed.

4. In a turbine-wheel, curved paddles so arranged in concentric circles as to be tangent thereto, the line of curvature of the individual paddles in one circle intersecting at an acute angle the line of curvature of the succeeding paddle in the other circle and the two sets of paddles having fixed relation one to the other.

5. In a turbine-wheel, curved paddles arranged in concentric circles between side plates, the line of curvature of the paddles in one circle intersecting the line of curvature of the paddles in the other circle, and the two sets of paddles having fixed relation one to the other with their concave surfaces 0p-.

posed.

6. In a turbine-wheel, curved paddles arranged in concentric circles, each set of paddles being mounted ior rotation in the same direction the line of curvature of the paddles in one circle intersecting the line of curvature of the paddles in the other circle, and the concave surface of the paddles in the two circles being opposed.

7. In a turbine-wheel, curved paddles arranged in. concentric circles, each set of paddles being mounted for rotation in the same direction the line of curvature of the individual paddles in one circle intersecting the line of curvature of the succeeding paddle in the'other circle, and the concave surface of the paddles in the two circles being opposed.

8. In a turbine-wheel, curved paddles arranged in concentric circles, each set of paddles being mounted for rotation in the same direction the line of curvature or the indi- 1 vidual paddles in one circle intersecting at an acute angle the line of curvature of the succeeding paddle in the other circle, and the concave surface of the paddles in the two circles being opposed.

9. In a turbine-wheel, curved paddles so arranged in concentric circles as to be tangent thereto, the line of curvature 01 the individual paddles in one circle intersecting at an acute angle the line of curvature of the succeeding paddle in the other circle, and the concave surface of the paddles in the two circles being opposed.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two Witnesses.

ERNST MAIER.

Witnesses KARL Boson, ERNST ENTENMANN. 

